Dark Energy is a undetectable and unmeasurable substance in space. Dark Energy makes up about 70 % of the Universe. We know that Dark Energy exists because the changes in light from distant galaxies shifts towards the red-end of the electromagnetic-spectrum, around it as first observed by Edward Hubble in 1929. He also noticed that father galaxies show a larger degree of red-shift. This is because as the universe expands the wavelengths of light become stretched because the light itself is losing energy. This was shocking to scientists because they expected that the universe was slowing down or retrogressing because of the gravity caused by all the matter and Dark Matter. The spontaneous expansion of the universe is thought to be caused by some kind of energy. This term was linked with Dark Matter and naturally became known as Dark energy. Dark energy is also a characteristic of space itself, with every cubic cm of space having it.
- Anti-matter -
Anti-matter is a topic in physics but it leads to an important hypothesis regarding Space which we will discuss later. Antimatter is basically the opposite of matter, and scientists have been searching for antimatter since the 1920’s first identified by Paul Dirac is the 1920’s. The matter we know is made from electrons, quarks and occasionally other subatomic particles. Now we all know every reaction has an equal and opposite reaction, and so do subatomic particles. Now these particles have the same characteristics as the normal matter particles but opposite charges and so these particles are called anti-particles. Think of it as the equation x squared = 4, now the solution can be 2 or -2. Scientists before the mid 20th century were so focused on the positive solution they did not look at the negative. These anti-particles also have another property, when they come into contact with normal matter they will spontaneously annihilate. So this comes back to the mystery regarding space. Why did the Big Bang create more matter than Antimatter? This is a questions that scientists can not give a definite answer too?
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Sources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzLM6ltw3l0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAa2O_8wBUQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo8NmoDL9T8
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